List of New Items (most recent at top)
| 13-Mar-10 | Three items added to Information Exchange. | Ahmed. Martin Dale. James West. |
| 13-Mar-10 | Dinky model pictures and descriptions of OB vehicles added to Studio & OB page. | G.G.Bom, Philip Upton |
| 13-Mar-10 | Research page updated. | |
| 12-Mar-10 | New link (highlighted) added to References. | |
| 6-Mar-10 | Item added to the end of the Tatsfield page. | Chris Gardiner |
| 5-Mar-10 | Items added to Information Exchange. |
Jamie Searle. Mike Cronk. Lee Gardner. |
| 24-Feb-10 | Deaths page added. It is linked from the menu on the Home page. | |
| 4-Feb-10 | Article on combiners added to Technical Reviews. | David Porter |
| 4-Feb-10 | Date of next D&ED Reunion Lunch added. | David Kitson |
| 27-Jan-10 | Pictures of 2009 reunion added to D&ED Reunion Lunches page. | John Robinson, John Sykes, Neale Davison |
| 27-Jan-10 | A short history of Galdenoch Radio Station Lochnaw added to Tx Sites. | Peter Linzey |
| 25-Jan-10 | Pictures of Crowsley Park and Tatsfield added to Receivers. | Vaino Lehtoranta |
| 15-Nov-09 | Three items added to Information Exchange. |
Chris Pettitt. Brian Summers. Richard Hollingum. |
| 13-Nov-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Paul Strickland |
| 12-Nov-09 | Description and pictures of the Receiving Station at Tatsfield added to Receivers. | Vaino Lehtoranta |
| 10-Nov-09 | My Experimental Days of Colour Television at the BBC added to Designs/Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 10-Nov-09 | Abstract: "The PAL Receiver: developments and progress" added to Technical Reviews. | Peter Tingey |
| 10-Nov-09 | Item on Peter Tingey added to Designs Department Memory Lane. | |
| 4-Nov-09 | Life history of Charles Sandbank added to new Memory Lane page. | Audrey Sandbank |
| 30-Oct-09 | Pictures of 2008 reunion added to D&ED Reunion Lunches page. | John Robinson, John Sykes |
| 30-Oct-09 | Final update made to 2009 Transmission reunion page: TX09 | Peter Condron |
| 23-Oct-09 | Pictures from the Transmission reunion added to Tx09. | Graham Smith, John Sykes |
| 19-Oct-09 | Reminiscence about the collapse of Emley Moor added (with a reference to Eagle towers). | Mike Salmon |
| 22-Sep-09 | Article on Aspidistra and OSE5 added to Technical Reviews. | David Porter, Andy Matheson |
| 25-Aug-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Dan Wilson |
| 25-Aug-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Terry Clarkson |
| 12-Aug-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Michael Ward |
| 31-Jul-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Chris Maxwell |
| 25-Jul-09 | Article on VFO-4 and HGM-1 drive added to Technical Reviews. | David Porter |
| 17-Jul-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Sean Williams |
| 8-Jul-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Geoff Atkins |
| 3-Jul-09 | Item on Galdenoch Radio Station resolved in Information Exchange. | Doug Jordan |
| 16-Jun-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Roy Phillips |
| 24-May-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Peter Linzey |
| 14-May-09 | Engineering of VHF/FM Radio Broadcasting in the UK - Transmitter Projects Reminiscences | Geoff Platts |
| 14-May-09 | More on Site Acquisition Section - Transmitter Projects Reminiscences | Alex Rothney |
| 27-Apr-09 | Obituary for Stuart Lent added to Research. | Derek Wright, Stan Edwardson |
| 19-Apr-09 | TX09 updated (NOTE: Future TX09 updates will not be listed here. See Home page.) | Peter Condron |
| 19-Apr-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Erik Alderink |
| 19-Mar-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Doug Fisher |
| 9-Mar-09 | Pictures from many Tx sites added. See last item on Tx Ops Reminiscences. | Martin Briscoe |
| 8-Mar-09 | Items added to Information Exchange. | Jeff Cant. Ahmed. |
| 3-Mar-09 | Article on tuning fork and crystal drives added to Technical Reviews. | David Porter |
| 3-Mar-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Brian Moran |
| 14-Feb-09 | Programme for a typical EPD Management Conferences added to EPD picture page | Norman Marsden |
| 14-Feb-09 | Site Acquisition Section added to Transmitter Projects Reminiscences. | George Bath |
| 12-Feb-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Doug Morris |
| 11-Feb-09 | Transmission Engineering conference pictures added to Tx Project Reminiscences | Graham Smith |
| 10-Feb-09 | News at Alexandra Palace added to Studio Operations Reminiscences. | Robin Caine |
| 2-Feb-09 | Items added to Information Exchange. | William Blankley, Andy Lambert |
| 19-Jan-09 | 1972 Engineers-in-Charge Annual Meeting brochure added to Engineering. | Jack Paley |
| 14-Jan-09 | Eagle Annual of Cutaway on BBC TV MCR added to Studio Operations. | Geoff Woolf |
| 12-Jan-09 | Various training course pictures recently added to Training. | |
| 12-Jan-09 | Radio Engineering Family trees added to Studio Operations Reminiscences. | Geoff Woolf |
| 12-Jan-09 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Charlie Davy |
| 21-Dec-08 | Two more incidents at Western House added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 18-Dec-08 | More names added to 1989 reunion of ex-transmission staff. See Tx Ops Reminiscences. | Bert Gallon |
| 7-Dec-08 | More names added to 1989 reunion of ex-transmission staff. See Tx Ops Reminiscences. | David Sandbrook |
| 5-Dec-08 | Demolition of the BBC Radio 3 MF transmitter mast at Dodford: added to Videos. | George Bath |
| 16-Nov-08 | Transmission Management Conferences: pictures added under Training. | Geoff Platts |
| 16-Nov-08 | Three items added to Transmitter Projects, Reminiscences. | Geoff Platts |
| 16-Nov-08 | Picture: 1989 reunion of ex-transmission staff at Warwick added to Tx Ops Reminiscences. | Geoff Platts |
| 4-Nov-08 | Engineering Division page updated. | |
| 16-Oct-2008 | Daventry Calling the World added. It is a complete replication of the book as a PDF file. | Norman Tomalin |
| 1-Oct-08 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Phil Waterman |
| 19-Sep-08 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Trevor Carter |
| 3-Sep-08 | Memories of Geoffrey Goodship's career added to Engineering Information | Geoffrey Goodship |
| 2-Sep-08 | Links to external Comms Dept and OB Comms sites added here and here. | |
| 28-Aug-08 | John Shelley added to Designs Department Memory Lane page. | Peter Rainger & David Savage |
| 18-Aug-08 | 12 pictures added, for various courses, under the Training page. | Chris Turton |
| 2-Aug-08 | "Not The Transmitter Group News" and "The Immortal Rab" added to Tx Ops Reminiscences. | Richard Crowley |
| 14-Jul-08 | About this web site updated. | |
| 14-Jul-08 | Two articles on Woofferton transmitting station added to Specific Transmitter Sites. | David Porter, Rob Mannion, Kevin Nice |
| 1-Jul-08 | Photographs added to Transmission Reminiscences (see last item on list). | Martin Briscoe |
| 9-Jun-08 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Waynne Smart |
| 4-Jun-08 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Stuart Childs |
| 3-Jun-09 | Auntie’s 45 Year Love Affair with ET4336: added to Reminiscences. | David Porter |
| 30-May-08 | Picture of DE Course No.15 added. | Eric Putt |
| 30-May-08 | Link to Prospero article put on Home page. | |
| 29-May-08 | Web Site Guide updated. | |
| 29-May-08 | Further information added to Lisnagarvey and the Blaw-Knox mast. | Aubrey McKibben |
| 28-May-08 | About 90 pictures added under the Training page. | Andy Woodhouse, John Noakes |
| 27-May-08 | Another incident at Western House added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 15-May-08 | Film about Droitwich added to the Videos page. | Neil Wilson, John Phillips, Jeff Cant and Dave Porter |
| 24-Apr-08 | New item added to Technical Reviews. | Chris Gardiner |
| 23-Apr-08 | Item added to Information Exchange. | Patricia Hunt Chase |
| 21-Apr-08 | Pictures added to Training page. | David Porter |
| 13-Apr-08 | Questions & Answers added to Droitwich Calling. |
Matthew Parij (Q), John Phillips (A) |
| 11-Apr-09 | A new item and a comment added to Information Exchange. |
Jim Harpur Richard Russell |
| 9-Apr-09 | Questions & Answers added to Reminiscences about Daventry. | Matthew Parij (Q), Don Bowman and Martin Ellen (A) |
| 31-Mar-08 | Items added to Information Exchange. | Brian Summers |
| 27-Mar-08 | Information added to the Training page. | Jon Aberdein |
| 21-Mar-08 | Collection of Wood Norton photographs started on the Training page. Please contribute. | Phil Brooks |
| 12-Mar-08 | Pictures of 2007 D&ED Reunion Lunch added. | John Robinson, Alan Rowe |
| 14-Feb-08 | Link added at the end of "Lisnagarvey and the Blaw-Knox mast". | John Hettish |
| 5-Feb-08 | Comment on Preservation of BBC Vehicles added to Information Exchange. | Chris Collingham |
| 25-Jan-08 | Reference to "Island Base: Ascension in the Falklands War" added to Books. | |
| 16-Jan-08 | New menu item added on the Home page: Videos. | |
| 16-Jan-08 | Price of On Air reduced from £12.50 to £5 (plus P&P). | |
| 15-Jan-08 | Note added to the Web Site Design page. Also added: web statistics for 2007. | |
| 15-Jan-08 | Two items added to Information Exchange. | Dennis Johansson; Phil Upton |
| 15-Jan-08 | Four more names added to BH TV Repeater Station (G28) Staff Reunion picture. | Rod Hawkins |
| 19-Dec-07 | Museum of the Broadcast Television Camera added to Reference. | Brian Summers |
| 6-Dec-07 | One item added to Information Exchange. | John Trenouth via. Roger Beckwith |
| 3-Dec-07 | Four items added to Information Exchange. |
Richard Barnes, Malcolm Jones, Brian Moran, Sean Cooper |
| 1-Dec-07 | Video about Equipment Department added. | David Brown |
| 1-Dec-07 |
www.bbceng.info videos are now on
http://uk.youtube.com/bbceng. They are also displayed as embedded YouTube videos on the relevant pages of www.bbceng.info, along with relevant information. |
|
| 7-Nov-07 | Official group photograph of the Transmission reunion added. | Dave Parsons |
| 5-Nov-07 | Video of BBC Transmission reunion added. | Graham Smith |
| 20-Oct-07 | "BBC Transmission - Aiming at the Future" - The Movie! added. | |
| 11-Oct-07 | Pictures of Eagle Towers and HD-OB vehicle added to Studio and Outside Broadcast Operations. | Glyn Morgan |
| 9-Oct-07 | Home page News changed. Previous text moved to Old News (see link at foot of Home page.) | |
| 26-Sep-07 | Information about BBC TV OB vehicles added to Information Exchange and Contact (see resolved items) | Jeff Longbottom |
| 26-Sep-07 | The Transmission Reunion list now names those who definitely expect to attend. | David Sandbrook |
| 26-Sep-07 | Divis: A 1954 film and a 1992 video added to Tx Reminiscences. | Norman Marsden |
| 26-Sep-07 | Film of Wenvoe open day in 1965 added to Tx Reminiscences. | Norman Marsden |
| 21-Sep-07 | Home page News changed. Previous text moved to Old News (see link at foot of Home page.) | |
| 20-Sep-07 | More content added to "My Career in the BBC, Part 2" in DD Reminiscences. | Richard Russell |
| 13-Sep-07 | Format changed to give printable list of people interested in Transmission Reunion. | |
| 6-Sep-07 | Transformers etc. added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Stuart Winsor |
| 16-Aug-07 |
Pictures added to the
Transmission
Reunion Pictures page. Future individual additions will not always be recorded on this New Items page. |
|
| 16-Aug-07 |
Names added to
Transmission Reunion page. Future individual additions will not always be recorded on this New Items page. |
|
| 14-Aug-07 | Time and cost added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 9-Aug-07 | Announcement about provision of circuit diagrams by the BBC, on Home page. | |
| 9-Aug-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page and date of reunion added. | David Sandbrook |
| 28-Jul-07 | Picture request added to Transmission Reunion page. | |
| 28-Jul-07 | Audio Line Amplifiers added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Marnix Bosman |
| 28-Jul-07 | Painton faders added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Wilfried Kobiolka |
| 15-Jul-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 6-July-07 | Last item under News on Home page updated. | |
| 27-Jun-07 | More incidents at Western House in 1962 - 1964 added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 24-Jun-07 | Notes on the history of BBC Engineering Information Department added. | Alan Lafferty |
| 24-Jun-07 | Most issues of Eng Inf reinstated on the web site (see 5-Apr-07 entry) | |
| 24-Jun-07 | Items on Alexandra Palace, Droitwich and 'World of Engineering' added to Reference. | Martin Briscoe |
| 23-Jun-07 | Development of the BBC AM Transmitter Network: Updated to Rev.6a. See Technical Reviews. | Clive McCarthy |
| 20-Jun-07 | Skelton Transmitting Station 1942 to 1998 added to Transmission Operations Reminiscences. | G.P. Lowery, Chris Garlick, Russell W Barnes |
| 12-Jun-07 | Further comments related to LSU/10 loudspeaker added to Info Exchange & Contact (Scroll to penultimate item). | Richard Carruthers |
| 11-Jun-07 | bbcmemories pilot announced on Home page. | |
| 7-Jun-07 | AM6/21 and UN4/6 added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Pablo Kahayan |
| 3-Jun-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 28-May-07 | Neve General Purpose Radio Console mk IV added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Marco Manieri |
| 28-May-07 | "My Career in the BBC, Part 2" added to Reminiscences. | Richard Russell |
| 12-May-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 8-May-07 |
Link to BBC Research publication archive added to
Research and
References. The Test Card Circle added to References. Home page updated. Broken Menu bars repaired on several pages. |
|
| 28-Apr-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 22-Apr-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 15-Apr-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 13-Apr-07 | Home page updated with reference to Prospero announcement about Transmission reunion. | |
| 8-Apr-07 | Web site design page updated. | |
| 8-Apr-07 | News items moved to Old News | |
| 8-Apr-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 5-Apr-07 | (All issues of Eng Inf removed due to webspace bandwidth limitations.) | |
| 2-Apr-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 27-Mar-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 26-Mar-07 | All issues of Eng Inf are now on this web site. | |
| 21-Mar-07 | Reminiscences about Daventry added to Tx Ops Reminiscences. | Don Bowman |
| 19-Mar-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 14-Mar-07 | Information about the Holme Moss open day film added. | John Ames |
| 11-Mar-07 | Memories of Operations at BBC South added to Studio and Outside Broadcast Operations. | Pete Simpkin |
| 8-Mar-07 | Home page updated with info regarding an official BBC Memories web site. | |
| 8-Mar-07 | Names added to Transmission Reunion page. | David Sandbrook |
| 5-Mar-07 | Brian Bower added to Designs Department Memory Lane page. | David Kitson, John Robinson (picture) |
| 3-Mar-07 | Transmission Reunion page added. | David Sandbrook |
| 3-Mar-07 | Short note added regarding 2LO circuit. See near foot of this page. | Rod Viveash |
| 15-Feb-07 | Resolved items shown in Information Exchange and Contact. | David Birt, Richard Russell, Dave Buckley |
| 9-Feb-07 | More names added to BH TV Repeater Station (G28) Staff Reunion picture. | David Reddington |
| 3-Feb-07 | Broadcasting history in the South West added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Tony Byers |
| 30-Jan-07 | "Secret" sites request added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Martin Briscoe |
| 29-Jan-07 | More pictures of Ascension. | Jeff Cant |
| 29-Jan-07 | Tacolneston request added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Sean Cooper |
| 29-Jan-07 | "Who is she?" added to Information Exchange and Contact. | Andrew K. Dart |
| 14-Jan-07 | Error on 2LO switch wiring corrected and function of obscure part of 2LO circuit resolved. See near foot of this page. | Adrian Tuddenham |
| 11-Jan-07 | Pictures of the receiver site at Ascension. | Jeff Cant |
| 11-Jan-07 | Some incidents at Western House in 1962 - 1964 added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 9-Jan-07 | Caption amended on picture of Staff who worked in, or with, Monitoring & Control Section. | Richard Russell |
| 9-Jan-07 | Resolved item shown in Information Exchange and Contact. | David Dunmall, Maurice Lovelock, Mike Axford, Phil Marrison |
| 4-Jan-07 | BH TV Repeater Station (G28) Staff Reunion picture added to Comms Ops Reminiscences. | David Savage |
| 1-Jan-07 | Statistics for 2006 added to Web Design & Statistics page. | |
| 23-Dec-06 | Reference page improved. | |
| 20-Dec-06 | Fifty years of transmitting at BBC Woofferton 1943 - 1993 changed to version 2 in Tx Ops Reminiscences (minor amendments and saved as a smaller file). | Jeff Cant |
| 20-Dec-06 | Eddystone User Group added to References. | |
| 20-Dec-06 | 'Your Leader Has Died' added to Notes on the BBC's 1964/5 demonstrations of NTSC in Moscow in DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 20-Dec-06 | Pictures from the D&ED reunion lunch held in 2006 added to D&ED. | John Robinson, Alan Rowe |
| 17-Dec-06 | The Virtue of a Goniometer added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 16-Dec-06 |
Droitwich Calling - The Story of Droitwich Transmitting Station added to Tx Ops Reminiscences |
John Phillips |
| 10-Dec-06 | Notes on the BBC's 1964/5 demonstrations of NTSC in Moscow added to DD Reminiscences. | Peter Tingey |
| 4-Dec-06 | Fifty years of transmitting at BBC Woofferton 1943 - 1993 added to Tx Ops Reminiscences | Jeff Cant |
| 9-Nov-06 | Reminiscences of S N Watson and T Worswick added to DD Reminiscences. | Neville Watson, Tom Worswick |
| 9-Nov-06 | Picture of Designs Department Monitoring & Control Section staff added here. | Mark Sancken |
| 25-Sep-06 | Reference to BBC's Creative Archive Trial added to News on Home page. | Russell Inman |
| 14-Sep-06 |
Issues 31 to 40 of Eng Inf added and
contents list completed. Home page and Web Site Guide updated. |
|
| 8-Sep-06 | Happy Birthday to CP tower put on home page. | |
| 4-Sep-06 | Item added to Info Exchange and Contact page. | Tom Goulet |
| 29-Aug-06 | News on Home page amended. | |
| 26-Aug-06 | Further information added at end of Lisnagarvey/Blaw-Knox article. | David Porter |
| 10-Aug-06 | Lisnagarvey and the Blaw-Knox mast added to Transmitter Projects - Reminiscences | Aubrey McKibben |
| 9-Aug-06 | Television Outside Broadcasts from 1937 added to Studio and Outside Broadcast Operations | J N (Bill) Bailey |
| 8-Aug-06 | First colour TV from London to Moscow added to Comms Projects Reminiscences | David Savage |
| 29-July-06 | Film of the Open Day at Holme Moss added to Transmitter Operations/Reminiscences. | Mike Salmon (provided the VHS in about 1995) |
| 19-June-06 | National PCM Changeover - Scary Engineering added to Comms Project Reminiscences | Keith Hayler, Russell Inman |
| 30-May-06 | Web Site Guide page added. | |
| 30-May-06 | P.T.F.E. Plastic Bearings report added to Designs Technology. | Mick Gleave, John Sykes |
| 26-May-06 | Issues 4 to 30 of Eng Inf added. | John Barrett |
| 26-May-06 | Pictures taken at leaving party for Nick Davies added. | Nick Davies |
| 26-Apr-06 | D&ED lunch 2006 advertised on home page, with details on D&ED lunch page | David Kitson, John Robinson |
| 6-Apr-06 | Tale of two towers added to Transmitter Projects/Reminiscences | Geoff Platts |
| 30-Mar-06 | Inadequate search facilities on Search page replaced by Google search on Home page. | |
| 30-Mar-06 | Start Point: U-boat batteries added to Information Exchange page. | A. Davies |
| 29-Mar-06 | First 3 copies of Eng Inf added. | John Barrett |
| 25-Mar-06 | Full list of Registered Designs and Coded Equipment added to RD&CE. | Glyn Morgan |
| 25-Mar-06 | Chart showing the staff of Design Group added to D&ED. | John Barrett |
| 21-Mar-06 | More pictures of David Russell's retirement party added. | Cathy Burke |
| 20-Mar-06 | Contact page replaced with Information Exchange page | |
| 18-Mar-06 |
Woofferton - Ancient & Modern and Memories of
Kranji on Singapore Island added to Transmission Operations - Reminiscences. |
Richard Buckby |
| 11-Mar-06 | (Guestbook facility removed due to problems with spam.) | |
| 9-Mar-06 | More text added to this page on Acsension | John Walch |
| 3-Mar-06 | Pictures of people associated with communications projects added, including David Russell's retirement party | John Sykes, Rhys Lewis, David Russell |
| 19-Feb-06 |
Book list moved from Reference to
Books.
Comms Ops page
modified. Specific Transmitter Sites page added under Transmitter Operations. |
|
| 19-Feb-06 | More pictures from Ascension added to Transmission Operations - Reminiscences. | David Dunmall |
| 18-Feb-06 | Memories of Ascension added to Transmission Operations - Reminiscences. | Phil Brooks |
| 09-Feb-06 | News on Home page simplified (references to server problems on 1-5 Feb removed). | |
| 05-Feb-06 |
Added note to Home page about server/FrontPage problems that occurred
between 1 and 5 Feb. Added note to Home page about web site statistics for January 06. |
|
| 30-Jan-06 |
News on Home page amended. On Air shown as
being available. Last few lines of On Air and Buy pages updated. |
|
| 22-Jan-06 | Designs Department - Management Information System page added. |
Lily Box
(cartoon) John Robinson (DD1) |
| 12-Jan-06 | Redirection page added and old web sites/URLs linked to it. Contacts page amended. | |
| 11-Jan-06 | Guest Book added. | |
| 09-Jan-06 | Design Group Page added. | John Salter |
| 05-Jan-06 | Designs Department Annual Report for 1977 added. | Paul Whiteing |
| 05-Jan-06 | Note about John Walters added at foot of Boat Trip pictures page. | Neale Davison |
| 05-Jan-06 | Drawing Office picture added to Pictures of People Page. | Paul Whiteing |
| 05-Jan-06 | Pictures on Pictures of People page distributed to sub pages to reduce time taken to load. | |
| 04-Jan-06 | EDI sheets added (a major addition) |
Paul
Whiteing John Barrett |
| 03-Jan-06 | Search page and Pinky page added. News updated. | |
| 01-Jan-06 | Web site operational, using content from www.onairbook.co.uk and www.bbcdd.org,uk plus a few minor additions to fit in with the new structure. About pages amended. |
Note: Amendments done by ME are not shown in the Acknowledgement column (right hand).